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犯罪與劫案
1973年8月23日 – 1973年8月28日 · 斯德哥爾摩諾馬爾姆廣場
劫機與綁架狀態: 已偵破
詳細檔案目前僅提供英文版本。
圖片: Roland Janson/DN/TT · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
6 daysthe hostages were held in the bank vault
In August 1973 Jan-Erik Olsson was on leave from prison and did not return. He knew the much better-known criminal Clark Olofsson from his time inside. Until then Sweden had little experience of hostage-taking, and the police had no fixed procedures or negotiators for such situations.
On 23 August Olsson walked into the bank with a submachine gun, fired into the ceiling and wounded a policeman. He held four employees and demanded three million kronor, a getaway car and the arrival of Olofsson. For days the hostages sat in the vault with the two men. One of them, Kristin Enmark, spoke to Prime Minister Olof Palme by telephone and said she was more afraid of the police than of the hostage-takers.
The police drilled holes in the ceiling of the vault in order to look and listen. On 28 August tear gas was pumped in through those holes, after which Olsson and Olofsson surrendered. All the hostages came out physically unharmed. Olsson was sentenced to ten years; Olofsson's conviction was overturned on appeal because it was not established that he had cooperated.
The term 'Stockholm syndrome' came into worldwide use for a bond between hostages and their captors. It is not a recognised diagnosis, and the concept is contested: Enmark and later researchers stress that the hostages' distrust was an understandable response to the risky conduct of the police. The case did lead to better negotiation methods in hostage situations.